The Voice Box, also known as Laryn - It’s a tube about 2 inches (5cm) long in adults. It sits above the windpipe (trachea) in the neck and in front of the food pipe. Laryngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the larynx. Use of tobacco products and drinking too much alcohol can affect the risk of laryngeal cancer. Symptoms: A sore throat or cough that does not go away. Trouble or pain when swallowing. Ear pain. A lump in the neck or throat. A change or hoarseness in the voice. Screening: A flexible endoscopy uses a tube with a light and a camera on the end. The doctor puts the tube up your nose and a short way down your throat. The tube has an eyepiece on the end. So the doctor can look inside your nose, at the back of your mouth and down your throat. The tube is very slim and having the test shouldn't hurt. Treatment: Surgery Radiotheraphy Chemotheraphy Chemoradiotherapy Biological therapy
The Voice Box, also known as Laryn - It’s a tube about 2 inches (5cm) long in adults. It sits above the windpipe (trachea) in the neck and in front of the food pipe. Laryngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the larynx. Use of tobacco products and drinking too much alcohol can affect the risk of laryngeal cancer.Symptoms:A sore throat or cough that does not go away.Trouble or pain when swallowing.Ear pain.A lump in the neck or throat.A change or hoarseness in the voice.Screening:A flexible endoscopy uses a tube with a light and a camera on the end. The doctor puts the tube up your nose and a short way down your throat. The tube has an eyepiece on the end. So the doctor can look inside your nose, at the back of your mouth and down your throat. The tube is very slim and having the test shouldn't hurt. Treatment:Surgery RadiotheraphyChemotheraphyChemoradiotherapyBiological therapy
Tonsil cancer begins with cancerous cells or a tumor in the tonsils.Tonsils come in a pair located at the back of your throat in an area known as the oropharynx. Their role is to help fight infection. Cancer can develop in your tonsils. Tonsil cancer is classified as head and neck cancer, throat cancer, and oropharynx cancer.Tonsil cancer can develop even in people who’ve had their tonsils removed because a small piece of tonsil tissue may be left behind.Symptoms:One tonsils larger than otherPresistent Sore throatLump in the neckOther symptoms:-hoarseness or a change in your speaking voicefatigueunexplained weight lossear pain, especially on only one sidedifficulty swallowing or opening your mouthbleeding from your mouthDiagnosis/ Screening:The specialist may be able to exam your throat by looking into your mouth using a mirror and headlight. Or it may require placing a flexible tube with a camera down your nose, a test that’s called a flexible pharyngolaryngoscopy.
Oral cancer appears as a growth or sore in the mouth that does not go away. Oral cancer, which includes cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and pharynx (throat), can be life threatening if not diagnosed and treated early.Causes:SmokingExcessive alcohol consumptionFamily cancer historyHuman papillomavirus (HPV)Symptoms:White or red patches inside the mouthSores on your tonguemouth ulcers or sores that do not healswelling that persists for over 3 weeksa lump or thickening of the skin or lining of the mouthpain when swallowingloose teeth with no apparent reasonTreatment:Treatment depends on the location and stage of the cancer, and the patient's general health and personal preferences. A combination of treatments may be necessary.SurgeryRadiation TherapyChemotheraphyTargeted drug Therapy
Your thyroid is shaped like a small butterfly, and is usually found inside the lower front of your neck. It’s a gland that controls your metabolism. It also releases hormones that direct many functions in your body, including how you use energy, how you produce heat, and how you consume oxygen. Thyroid cancer develops when cells change or mutate. The abnormal cells begin multiplying in your thyroid and, once there are enough of them, they form a tumor. Symptoms: Neck, throat pain Lump in your neck Difficulty swallowing Vocal changes, hoarseness Cough Diagnosis/Screening: Medical History and physical exam Biopsy Imaging tests Ultrasound Radioiodine scan
A partial thyroidectommy is surgery to remove part of your thyroid gland. You may need a partial thyroidectomy if you have thyroid cancer or a lump on your thyroid. Because if a lump that grows on your thyroid, it can cause breathing problems.Why do you need thyroidectomy:Thyroid cancerNoncancerous enlargement of the thyroid (goiter)Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)This operation, thyroid cancer must be small and non-aggressive and contained to one side of the gland.
Thyroidectomy is the removal of all or part of your thyroid gland. Thyroidectomy is used to treat thyroid disorders, such as cancer, noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid (goiter) and overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Risks: bleeding infection airway obstruction caused by bleeding permanent hoarse or weak voice due to nerve damage 3 main approach of Thyroidectomy: Conventional Thyroidectomy Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Robotic Thyroidectomy
Oropharyngeal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the oropharynx (inside the throat, directly behind the nose).Smoking or being infected with human papillomavirus can increase the risk of oropharyngeal cancer.Symptoms:Painless swelling or lump in the throatSore throat or tongueEaracheDifficulty swallowing or moving your mouth and jawChanges in your voice Bad BreathUnexplained weight lossDiagnosis/Screening:Physical exam and HistoryPET-CT ScanCT Scan (CAT Scan)PET Scan (positron emission tomography scan)BiopsyEndoscopyLaryngoscopyHPV TestTreatment:SurgeryRadiotherapyChemotherapyTargetted Therapies
Salivary gland cancer is a type of head and neck cancer that involves abnormal (malignant) growth of salivary gland cells. This is when abnormal cells in these glands grow out of control. Normal salivary glands are made of many different types of cells. Tumors can grow in any of them.Symptoms:A lump on the face, neck, or mouth that is usually painlessNumbness in the faceInability to move some facial muscles, especially if the muscle on 1 side of the face stops moving and the affected area slowly expands. This is known as progressive facial muscle paralysis.Pain or swelling in the face, chin, jawbone area, or neckA difference between the size and/or shape of the left and right sides of the face or neckDiagnosis/Screening:Physical exam and historyMRI (magnetic resonance imaging)CT scan (CAT scan)PET scan (positron emission tomography scan)EndoscopyBiopsyTreatment:Surgery (most common)RadiationChemotheraphy
Tongue cancer is a type of mouth cancer, or oral cancer, that usually develops in the squamous cells on the surface of the tongue. It can cause tumors or lesions. The most noticeable signs of tongue cancer are a sore on the tongue that does not heal and a painful tongue.Cancer can develop in two different areas of the tongue. Tongue cancer develops at the front of the tongue, while cancer at the back of the tongue is known as oropharyngeal cancer.Symptoms:red and white patches (oral leukoplakia) that appear on the lining of the mouth or the tonguesores and mouth ulcers that will not heala sore throat or pain when swallowinga feeling that there is something lodged in the throata painful tonguea hoarse voicedifficulty moving the jaw or tongueneck or ear painloose teethswelling in the area that remains for more than three 3 weeksa lump in the mouththickening of the lining of the mouthdentures that no longer fit correctly
Paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. The most common type of paranasal sinus and nasal cavity cancer is squamous cell carcinoma. This type of cancer forms in the squamous cells (thin, flat cells) lining the inside of the paranasal sinuses and the nasal cavity.Symptoms:Blocked sinuses that do not clear, or sinus pressure.Headaches or pain in the sinus areas.A runny nose.Nosebleeds.A lump or sore inside the nose that does not heal.A lump on the face or roof of the mouth.Numbness or tingling in the face.Swelling or other trouble with the eyes, such as double vision or the eyes pointing in different directions.Pain in the upper teeth, loose teeth, or dentures that no longer fit well.Pain or pressure in the ear.
Nasopharyngeal cancer is a rare type of head and neck cancer. It starts in the upper part of your throat, behind the nose. This area is called the nasopharynx.The risk to get Nasopharyngeal Cancer:Tobacco and alcoholEat diet rich in salt-cured fish and meatSymptoms:A lump in the nose or neck.A sore throat.Trouble breathing or speaking.Nosebleeds.Trouble hearing.Pain or ringing in the ear.HeadachesScreening and Diagnosis:Physical exam and HistoryNeurological ExamBiopsy - Nasoscopy, Upper EndoscopyMRI (magnetic resonance imaging)CT ScanPET Scan (positron emission tomography scan)Blood Chemistry StudyComplete Blood Count (CBC)Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) test Hearing test
People who are routinely exposed to Tobacco and Alcohol should have a general physical examination at least once a year, even if they do not have any symptoms. It's a simple, quick office visit in which the doctor looks in the nose, mouth, and throat for abnormalities and feels for lumps in the neck.Symptoms:Nasal obstruction or persistent nasal congestion and stuffiness, which is often called sinus congestion Chronic sinus infections that do not go away with antibiotic treatmentFrequent headaches or pain in the sinus regionPain or swelling in the face, eyes, or earsPersistent tearing of the eyesand moreDiagnosis:Physical testBiopsyEndoscopyX-rayComputed tomography (CT or CAT) scanMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Bone scanPositron emission tomography (PET) or PET-CT scan
The term “head and neck cancer” encompasses a wide range of tumors that occur in several areas of the head and neck region, including the nasal passages, sinuses, mouth, throat, larynx (voice box), swallowing passages, salivary glands, and the thyroid gland. The most common type of cancer in the head and neck is squamous cell carcinoma, which arises from the cells that line the inside of the nose, mouth and throat. Common Causes: Exposure to tobacco Exposure to alcohol Types of treatment: Radiation Theraphy Surgery Chemotheraphy
